The Purposes of Budgeting System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Purposes of Budgeting System - Essay Example nagement accountants of an organization use these statements along with the financial statements like cash flow, fund flow statements and prepare budget for the next financial period. This paper is an attempt to identify the purposes of budgeting system and the value of it. The purpose of budgeting system is to plan properly about how the operations of the organization will go on, plan properly about the borrowings, resources allocation and savings of the company (Khan and Jain, 2007, p.8.2). By doing a proper allocation the management accountants can make it sure that the resources are utilized efficiently. By analyzing the financial statements prepared by the financial accountants the management accountants of an organization make a proper plan for better performance in the next financial period. For ensuring a better performance by the organization in the next financial period the management accountants make a suitable plan so that the resources are engaged in the proper area of the organization. Proper use of the resources in proper area assures best performance of those resources which in turn would help the organization to perform better. While analyzing the cost sheet, the management may found that there are many idle resources in the manufacturing activity. May be there is some time gap between the two activities during the operation. The management has to take steps so that there would be no idle time in the operation in the next financial period. This would assure operating efficiency and the operating cost would be down and the resources would be used optimally. As a result the net profit of the company will increase. By analyzing the cost sheet the management would come to know about the performance of the cost centres. The cost centre means where the cost is splitting and the measure is done centre wise. Though it is a tough job to make the division of cost allocation, but for managing the cost it is apportioned over the centres (Lucey and Lucey,

Multicultural topic questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multicultural topic questions - Essay Example This would shatter the counselee’s confidence in the counselor and render the counseling ineffective. Also, such factors as linguistic barriers may hinder the counseling process. 2. What are the indigenous alternatives to counseling in a non-Western culture? There are several methods that are commonly employed in place of counseling in many non-Western cultures that are directed to achieve the effect of counseling. Many of such alternatives to counseling have religious significance. For examples, Hindus associate the river of Ganges with spirituality and believe that it has positive effect on one who takes bath in it. Prayer is considered as a means to contact God. Therefore, people from different religions openly discuss their problems with God and seek help in prayer. After praying, they feel relieved and counseled. In many Eastern countries, there is very little trend of attending formal counseling sessions. Instead, people restrain themselves to religious teachings, lectur es and parental guide to achieve the effect of counseling. 3. How do psychological problems vary with culture of clients? Clients may be equipped with various psychological problems that differ from client to client depending upon the cultures they belong to. Human psychology is greatly shaped and influenced by the cultural trends and practices. Some cultures require their followers to be extrovert and yet there are other cultures, that encourage their followers to remain introvert in all aspects of life. The level to which an individual socializes and the people he/she socializes with is also determined to much an extent, by the culture he/she belongs to. Daily experiences that people go through in their life are influenced by their culture, and the experiences impact their psychology. 4. Outline the essential issues involved in counseling international students? Many international students come to foreign countries with pre-formed conceptions about the nature and attitude of the i ndigenous people in general, which or may not be true. Students form their perceptions according to the experience of others that have been to foreign countries they intend to go to for studies. Those preformed conceptions are usually so ingrained in the minds of the international students that it becomes very difficult for a counselor to change their false perceptions. In addition to that, cultural issues as discussed before may also hinder the counseling of international students. 5. Describe value orientation conflicts. Personal perceptions of an individual are defined by his/her value orientation. Value orientation tells what an individual deems right and what to him/her is wrong. People vary in their opinions, beliefs and views. There are a lot of principles that were considered wrong by people from older generations and yet today, they are considered as right. The conflict of rationality of principles gives rise to the value orientation conflicts. In order to make the counseli ng effective, it is imperative that the counselor understands or studies the value orientation of the counselee. 6. Describe stages of black racial identity development. The four stages of the black racial identity development model proposed by Cross (1971, 1978 cited in Alston, Bell, and Price, 1996) were pre-encounter stage, encounter stage, immersion/emersion stage and internalization stage.